Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © Mr. Nguyen Quoc Bao, Mrs.To Minh Thanh and Mrs Nguyen Thu Ngan.
Our Queen © Koai
01. Synonymy is the relation between the meanings of two words of the same or almost the same denotative meaning.
(Quan hệ tính đồng nghĩa là mối quan hệ giữa nghĩa của hai từ giống nhau hoặc hầu như nghĩa bao hàm giống nhau.)
Test: A=B
Ex: buy=purchase, movie=film,...
02. Partial synonymy is the relation between the meanings of two words that a word share one of the meanings with another.
( Quan hệ tính đồng nghĩa bộ phận là mối quan hệ giữa nghĩa của hai từ mà có một từ chia sẻ một trong những nét nghĩa với từ khác.)
Ex: There are different ways/ methods to do this.
03. Antonymy is the relation between the meanings of two words of opposite meanings.
(Quan hệ tình trái nghĩa là mối quan hệ giữa nghĩa của hai từ nghĩa đối nghịch nhau.)
Ex: love # hate, true # false, wife # husband,...
3 Typpes of Anotnymy: Gradable antonymy, binary antonymy, relational antonymy.
04. Gradable Antonymy (quan hệ tình trái nghĩa có thang độ)
Test: very/how + adj/adv ?
Ex: love # hate, cold # hot, old # young,...
05. Binary Antonymy (quan hệ tính trái nghĩa nhị phân)
Test: A = not B
Ex: alive # dead, open # close, fail # pass, sleep # awake,...
06. Relational Antonymy (quan hệ tính trái nghĩa nghịch đảo)
Test: if A is...of B, B is....of A. (nếu A là ...của B, thì B là... của A.)
Ex: wife # husband, teacher # student, buy # sell, ...
07. Incompatibility ( tính không dung hợp nhau)
Ex: freshman, sophomore, junior, senior.
...
HOMOPHONES, HOMOGRAPHES, HOMONYMS
09. Homophony (tính đồng âm)
Homophony is words of the same sound, but different speelings, and different meanings.
Ex: flour - flower, meat - meet,...
10. Homography (tính đồng tự)
Homography is words of the same speeling, but different sounds, and different meanings.
Ex: a present /'present/- to present /prI'sent, the lead /led/ - to lead/li:d/
11. Homonymy (tính đồng âm, đồng tự)
Homonymy is words of the same sound, same speeling, but different meanings.
Ex: bank (n) ngân hàng - bank (n) bờ sông,...
12. Polysemy (tính đa nghĩa)
Polysemy is one word with different but related meanings.
Ex: fork -for eating, -for gardening,- of a road, - of a river.
13. Hyponymy (tính quan hệ thượng danh , hạ danh)
Hyponymy is the onway relationship between hyponyms and hypernym.
Test: Hyponyms is a kind of hypernym. (hypo là một loại của hyper.)
Ex: Human
EXERCISE
A. (Trích tài liệu Mrs. Nguyen Thu Ngan)
1. Able/ unable
→ Binary Antonymy
2. Awake/ asleep
→ Binary Antonymy
3. Bat (the animal)/ bat (for hitting baseball)
→ Homonymy
4. Breakfast/ supper
→ Incompatibility
5. Capable/ competent
→ Synonymy
6. Conceal/ reveal
→ Binary Antonymy
7. Customer/
supplier
→ Relational Antonymy
8. Dark (eg. Dark room)/ dark (eg. don’t look on the dark side
of things.)
→ Polysemy
9. Deny/ admit
→ Binary Antonymy
10. Debtor/ creditor
→ Relational Antonymy
11. Dissolve (eg. Salt dissolves in water.)/
dissolves (eg. The Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991)
→ Polysemy
12. Expensive/ cheap
→ Gradable Antonymy
13. False/ true
→ Binary Antonymy
14. Fined/ find
→ Homophony
15. Flour/ flower
→ Homophony
16. Gloom/ darkness
→ Synonymy
17. Greater than/ less than
→ Relational Antonymy
18. Guard (as in body guard)/ guard (a football player whose
position is in the middle of the front line)
→ Polysemy
19. Host/ guest
→ Relational Antonymy
20. Husband/ wife
→ Relational Antonymy
21. Land/ soil
→ Synonymy
22. Larger/ smaller
→ Relational Antonymy
23. Lettuce/ broccoli
→ Incompatibility
24. Love/ hate
→ Gradable Antonymy
25. Maintenance/ preservation
→ Synonymy
26. Mouth (of an animal)/ mouth (of a river)
→ Polysemy
27. Pupil (at a school)/ pupil (of an eye)
→ Homonymy
28. Ravage/ destroy
→ Synonymy
29. Rude/ polite
→ Gradable Antonymy
30. Sow (eg. Sow a field with wheat)/ sow (meaning: a female
pig)
→ Homography
31. Stationery/ pen
→ Hyponymy
32. Take/ steal
→ Hyponymy
33. Tolerant/ intolerant
→ Binary Antonymy
34. Unusal/ strange
→ Synonymy
35. Weak/ week
→ Homophony
01. rite - right
→ homophony
02. hammer - tool
→ hyponymy
03. single - married
→ binary antonymy
04. mad - insane
→ synonymy
05. accidental/intentional (vô tình/cố ý)
→ binary antonymy
06. figure ('the sales figures')/ figure ('a political figure')
→ homonymy
07. cat/dog
→ incompatibility
08. flour/flower
→ homophony
09. able/unable
→binary antonymy
10. awake/asleep
→binary antonymy
11. bat(the animal)/bat(for hitting baseball)
14. conceal/reveal
15. customer/supplier
17. deny/admit
18. love/hate
→gradable antonymy
19. dissolve (salt dissolves in water)/dissolve (the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991)
→polysemy
20. ravage/destroy
11. bat(the animal)/bat(for hitting baseball)
→ homonymy
12. breakfast/supper
→incompatibility
13. capable/competent
12. breakfast/supper
→incompatibility
13. capable/competent
→synonymy
14. conceal/reveal
→binary antonymy
15. customer/supplier
→relational antonymy
16. dark(eg.dark room)/dark(eg.don’t look on the dark side of things.)
16. dark(eg.dark room)/dark(eg.don’t look on the dark side of things.)
→polysemy
17. deny/admit
→binary antonymy
18. love/hate
→gradable antonymy
19. dissolve (salt dissolves in water)/dissolve (the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991)
→polysemy
20. ravage/destroy
→synonymy
21.expensive/cheap
→gradable antonymy
22. false/true
→binary antonymy
23. fined/find
→ homophony
24. flour/flower
→ homophony
25.husband/wife
→relational antonymy
21.expensive/cheap
→gradable antonymy
22. false/true
→binary antonymy
23. fined/find
→ homophony
24. flour/flower
→ homophony
25.husband/wife
→relational antonymy
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