Graduation Examination in Linguistics 17 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/

Graduation Examination in Linguistics 17 - ? at USSH

Duration: 150 minutes 

Steal my sun © Dina-bv

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

a) take/steal - (lấy/đánh cắp)

→hyponymy

b) gloom/darkness - (u ám/bóng tối)

→synonymy

c) dark (as in a dark room)/dark (as in Don't look on the dark side of things)

→polysymy

d) wind (as in The wind was blowing hard)/wind (as in wind one's watch)

→homography

e) deny/admit - (từ chối/chấp nhận)

→binary antonymy

f) host/guest - (chủ/khách)

→relational antonymy

g) sow (as in sow a field with wheat)/sow (meaning a female pig)

→homography

h) pupil (at a school)/ pupil (of an eye)

→homonymy

3.

a) Cathy hasn't been on holiday with her sister before.
→
b) But for your encouragement, we would have given up.
→

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 16 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/

Graduation Examination in Linguistics 16 - ? at USSH

Duration: 150 minutes 

Visual on employment discrimation © Mathieuloiseau

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

a) employer/employee - (người sử dụng lao động/nhân viên)

→relational antonymy

b) stationary/paper 

→hyponymy

c) blue/red

→incompatibility

d) enormous/huge

→synonymy

3.

a) John's sister is so upset.

→John has a sister.

b) You shouldn't have replied to him.

→You replied to him.

c) Why did she leave so early?

→She left so early.

d) They didn't realize that they were going the wrong way.

→ They were going the wrong way.

4.

a) Ask seat 19 whether he wants to swap.

→ 

b) Ms. Droopy had a fertile imagination.

→ 

5.

"Why don't you send it by post?'

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 15 - March 30, 2009 at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/

Graduation Examination in Linguistics 15 - March 30, 2009 at USSH

Duration: 150 minutes 

It was raining © Ashfaq ayon

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.
2.
a) What was she talking about when you arrived there?
→She was talking about something when you arrived there.
→You arrived there.
b) 
Dialogue 1:
A: "What do you think about her essay?"
B: "The second draft wasn't better.'
→Her essay is not good.

Dialogue 2:
A: "Do you expect a lot of rain this month?'
B: "It hardly ever rains in March"a
→B doesn't think that it will rain in March.

3.
a) Ask yourself whether the connections of ideas in your essay are logically watertight.
(Hãy hỏi chính mình liệu sự kết nối ý tưởng trong bài luận của bạn có chặt chẽ một cách hợp lý chưa.)
→Metaphor.

b) Linguists are trying to weed out recent non-standard uses.
→Metaphor.  Non-standard uses are compared to weed, which means non-standard uses need to be eliminated.

4. 
"The air-conditioner is not working today."

Situation one:
A: “Why is it too hot?”
B: “The air-conditioner is not working today.”
→B directly answers A’s question.
→This is a representative.

Situation two:
A: “The air-conditioner is not working to day.”
B: “Ok. I will repair it as soon as possible.”
→A indirectly requests B to repair the air-conditioner.
→This is a directive.

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 14 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 14 - ? at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes

The sound of ambiguity © i am jenius

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.Lexical ambiguity: containing an ambiguous word.
Ex:
a) That robot is bright.
→Bright means shining
→Bright means intelligent

b) She can not bear children.
→Bear means give birth to.
→Bear means tolerate.

2. A semantics field ( also called a lexical field or a lexical set) is the organization of related words and expressions into a system which shows their relationship to one another.

Ex:
a) The semantic field of kinship terms includes father, brother, uncle, aunt, etc
b) The semantic field of animals includes dog, cat,...

3.
a) The cassette tape I borrowed from you is fascinating.
→I borrowed the cassette tape from you.
→You lent me a cassette tape.
→The hearer has a cassette tape.

b) He dreams of one day becoming a famous guitarist.
→He is not a famous guitarst.

4.
a) Her beloved father was laid to rest in this cemetery.
→Euphemism. "Was laid to rest" is equivalent to "was buried".

b) Don't live in such a sea of doubt.
→Hyperbole. Don't live with so many doubts.

5.
a) I'd buy this dress if I were you.

Situation:

A: "What do you think about this dress?"
B: "I'd buy this dress if I were you."
→B indirectly advises A to buy this dress.
→This is a directive

b) I hereby warn you that you'll be sacked tomorrow.

6.
a) Steve gave Jane a hug.
↔Steve hugged Jane.

b) This text is not easy enough to be translated into Vietnamese without a dictionary.
↔This text is too difficult to be translated into Vietnamese without a dictionary.

Part 2: WRITING (4 marks)

1. Some disadvantages of staying single is undeniable.

2. There always exists a generation gap between parents and offspring (children).

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 13 - 2009 at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/

Graduation Examination in Linguistics 13 - 2009 at USSH

Duration: 150 minutes 

Advice © Basharbbr

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

3.

a) Mary didn't manage to hand in her paper before the due time.

→Mary had paper to hand in. (có bài nộp)

→Mary tried to hand in. (phủ định vẫn hoàn nguyên)

b) If he were here, I could ask him for some advice.

→He is not here.

4.

a) He is the only bread-winner of such a big family.

→Synecdoche. Bread stands for the living necessities.

b) Why don't you recognize the power of her purse?

→Metonymy. Purse stands for her wealth.

5.

a) Why don't you keep a copy of this paper?

Situation:
A: "Why don't you keep a copy of this paper?"
B: "That's a good idea."
A indirectly advises B to keep a copy of this paper.
This is a directive.

b) My wife is always spending a lot of money on her clothes.

Situation:
A: "Why are you always short of money at the end of the month?"
B: "My wife is always spending a lot of money on her clothes."
B directly answers A's question by telling him the reason why he always short of money at the end of the month.
This is a representative.

6.

a) The little child strongly dislikes carrots.

→The little child hates carrots.

b) We used binoculars to observe those hunters. 

(Chúng tôi sử dụng ống nhòm để quan sát thợ săn.)

→We obsered those hunters with binoculars.

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 12 - Dec, 2009 at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/

Graduation Examination in Linguistics 12 - Dec, 2009 at USSH

Duration: 150 minutes 

Singapore - Crossroads © Martin Stavars

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

a) On the road of life, there are many crossroads. (ngã tư)

→Metaphor. Life is conmpared to the road with many crossroads, which means there are moments in life when we have to make important decisions.

b) The burglar was in Sally's mind all day long.

→Metonymy. The burglar stands for the image of the burglar.

3. Identify TWO presuppositions in...

It was rewarding to see the smiles on the children's face when they received their gifts.
→The hearer saw the smiles on the children's face when they received their gifts.
→The children received their gifts.

4. 
a) Earth (our planet)/earth(soil) - (trái đất/đất)
→Polysemy
b) roast/bake - (quay/nướng)
→Imcompatibility
c) legend/myth
→Synonymy
d) downstairs/upstairs
→Binary antonymy

5. 
a) John is neither here nor not here.
→Contradictory
b) I am as old as myself.
→Analytic

6.
"Do you take me ...

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 11 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/

Graduation Examination in Linguistics 11 - ? at USSH

Duration: 150 minutes 

Destroy Everything You Touch © Orrihenrisson

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

3.

a) love/hate

→Gradable antonymy

b) supper/breakfast

→Incompatibility

c) ravage/destroy

→Synonymy

d) dissolve (salt dissolves in water)/dissolve (the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991)

→Polysymy

4.
a) He pretended that he had understood what she meant.
→He didn't understand what she meant.
b) The Brazilian team beat the French team again.
→The Brazilian team beat the French team before.
c) Where did you look for the keys?
→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows what "keys" it was.
→The hearer looked the keys somewhere.
d) Don't break Tom's glass.
→Tom has a glass.
→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who "Tom" is.

5.
a) Their next strategy is to expand their business to less developed countries.
→Euphemism. Less developed countries is equivalent to poor countries.
b) Room 518 requested more soap.
→Metonymy. Room 518 stands for the guests staying in room 518.

6.

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 10 - Oct 2010 at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © Mr.Dinh Huy và © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 10 - Oct 2010 at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes 

Dad © Crissroden

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

a) My dad always tells me to make hay while the sun shines.

→

b) We're got some new blood in the organization.

→Metonymy. New staff stands for new staff.

3. Identify two presuppositions...

Do you remember where you put the key?

→The speaker assumes that he hearer already knows what "key" it is.

→The hearer put the key somewhere.

4.

a) A: What on earth has happened to the roast beef?

    B: The dog looks very happy.

→B may implicatue that the dog may has eaten the roast beef.

b) Ann: It's strang that Tom is dating Mary. I thought he would never love any one.

    Tim: Every man loves a woman.

→It is not strang that Tom is dating Mary.

5. 

a) give/receive - (cho/nhận)

→Relational antonymy

b) desert(v)/desert(n)

→Homography

c) flat (n)/flat (adj)

→Homonymy

d) drive (as in 'drive a nail')/drive (as in 'drive a car')

→Polysymy (vì cùng di chuyển từ điểm này đến điểm kia)

6.

He is not reliable.

Situation one:
A: "What kind of person he is?"
B: "He is not reliable."
B directly answer A's question.
This is a representative.

Situation two:

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 6 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © Ms.Nguyen Thu Ngan và © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 6 - ? at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes 

Vietnam Hanoi © lux69aeterna

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.

2.

a) Jane is rather tall.

→Synthetic

b) Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam.

→Analytic

c) My son is a boy.

→Synthetic

d) Boys tend to be more troublesome than girls.

→Synthetic

3.

a) stationery/pen - (văn phòng phẩm/bút)

→Hyponymy

b) land/soil - (đất / đất)

→Synonymy

c) husband/wife

→Relational antonymy

d) unusual/strange - (bât thường/lạ)

→Synonymy

4.

a) Everybody was surprised at her resignation.

→She resigned.

b) Why didn't you report it to the management?

→You didn't report it to the management

→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows what "it" was.

5.

a) Her father was buried under this stone.

→Metonymy. Stone stands for tombstone. 

b) They parted after two years of marriage.

→

6.

It shouldn't be too long.

Part 2: WRITING (4 marks) 

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 5 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © Ms.Nguyen Thu Ngan và © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 5 - ? at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes 

The Eiffel Tower © jpgmn

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1. Compare...

Reference/sense

2.

a) own/belong to

→Relational antonymy

b) virtue/honesty

→

c) cat/dog

→Incompatibility

d) enormous/huge

→Synonymy

3.

a) My sick cat is not well.

→

b) The tiger is a reptile.

→

c) Leaves turn yellow in the fall.

→Sythetic

d) The Eiffel Tower is in Paris.

→Analytic

4.

a) I wonder how Steve smashed the television.

→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who "Steve" refers to.

→Steve smashed the television.

b) She proved to be a very efficient worker.

→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who "she" refers to.

Part 2: WRITING (4 marks)

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 3 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://EnglishSemanticsOfficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 3 - ? at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes

Earth © Sinaspual

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.
2.
a) The earth revolves around the sun.
→Synthetic
b) The man he killed is now living in Paris.
→Contradictory
c) Bachelors are lonely men. 
→Synthetic
d) Two halves make up a whole. 
→Analytic

3.
a) pass/fail
→Binary antonymy
b) fake/counterfeit
→Hyponymy
c) red/crimson - (đỏ/đỏ thẫm)
→Synonymy
d) greater than/smaller than
→Relational antonymy

4.
a)Jack proved to be a very efficient worker.
→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who "Jack" is.
b) Why didn't you call the police?
→You didn't call the police
c) He pretended to be interested in the project.
→He wasn't interested in the project.
d) You shouldn't have been rude to her.
→You were rude to her.

5.
a) The neighbors agreed to a truce over their barbeque dispute.
→Metaphor. 
→The barbeque is compared to a war, which means the neighbors agreed to stop their barbeque dispute for a short time..
b) The price of the meal is set at twenty pounds per head.
→Synecdoche. 
→Head stands for person. 

6. 
"It's going to rain soon."

Situation one:
A: "What;s the weather like?'
B: "It's going to rain soon."
B directly answers A's question by providing a piece of information.
This is a representative.

Situation two:
A: "It's going to rain soon."
B: "Ok. I will not go out."
A indirectly orders B not to go out.
This is a directive.

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 2 - ? at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 2 - ? at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes 

Time © Pianopear12

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1. 
2.
a) hit/miss - (trúng/hụt)
→Binary antonymy
b) look/stare
→Hyponymy
c) send/receive
→Relational antonymy
d) thick/dense
→Synonymy

3.
a) "I apologize for being late."
→Performative
b) "I congratulate you on your promotion."
→Performative
c) "I think that he'll come."
→Constative
d) "I suggest that you see a doctor as soon as possible."
→Performative

4. Identify two presupposition(s)...

a) Keep your passport in a safe place.
→You have a passport.
b) Why didn't you do your homework?
→You didn't do your homework.
c) You shouldn't have called him a troublemaker.
→You called him a troublemaker.
d) Remember to tell Susan to ring me.
→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who "Susan" is.

5.
a) The world ended the day my mother died.
→Hyperbole. It was impossible for the world to end the day my mother died.
→The day my mother died I very sad.
b) The press have been criticized for their coverage of the story.
→Metonymy. The press stands for journalists.

6.
"It's a waste of time.'

Situation one:
A: "What do you think of the project?"
B: "It's a waste of time."
B directly answers A's question by providing a piece of information.
This is a representative.

Situation two:
A: "It's a waste of time."
B: "At least I have given it a try."
A indirectly advises B not to do something.
This is a directive.   

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Graduation Examination in Linguistics 1 - at USSH

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © http://englishsemanticsofficial.blogspot.com/
Graduation Examination in Linguistics 1 - ? at USSH
Duration: 150 minutes 

Pearl Harb © Xfierron

Part 1: SEMANTICS (6 marks) 

1.
2. 
a) thick/thin - (dày/mỏng)
→Gradable antonymy
b) look/gaze - (xem/nhìn đăm đăm)
→Hyponymy
c) accept/refuse (an offer) - (chấp nhận/từ chối)
→Binary antonymy
d) piano/violin 
→Incompatibility
e) teach/ learn
→Relational antonymy
f) refuse/decline (an invitation)
→Synonymy
g) thick/dense - (dày/dày đặc)
→Synonymy
h) postpone/delay
→Synonymy

3. Identify the presupposition(s)...
a) I wish I hadn't called him a troublemaker.
→I called him a troublemaker.
b) Remember to water our plants twice a day.
→We  have some plants.
c) I was not aware that there were some misspellings in the reports.
→There were some misspellings in the reports.
d) He is a quick learner.
→The speaker assumes that the hearer already knows who "he" refers to.

4.
a) Pearl Harbor reminds me of how the U.S entered the Second World War.
→Metonymy. Pearl Harbor stands for the battle of Pearl Harbor.

5.
"The shop sells all sorts of books." 

Situation one:
A: "What does the shop sell?"
B: "The shop sells all sorts of books." 
→B answers A's question.
→This is a representative.
→Direct

Situation two:
A: "I wonder if I can buy this book at the shop."
B: "The shop sells all sorts of books." 
→B suggests A to come to the shop to buy the book A needs.
→This is a directive.

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Sense Relations & Homo

Xin tôn trọng bản quyền tác giả © Mr. Nguyen Quoc Bao, Mrs.To Minh Thanh and Mrs Nguyen Thu Ngan.

Our Queen © Koai

SENSE RELATIONS

01. Synonymy is the relation between the meanings of two words of the same or almost the same denotative meaning.
(Quan hệ tính đồng nghĩa là mối quan hệ giữa nghĩa của hai từ giống nhau hoặc hầu như nghĩa bao hàm giống nhau.)
Test: A=B
Ex: buy=purchase, movie=film,...

02. Partial synonymy is the relation between the meanings of two words that a word share one of the meanings with another.
( Quan hệ tính đồng nghĩa bộ phận là mối quan hệ giữa nghĩa của hai từ mà có một từ chia sẻ một trong những nét nghĩa với từ khác.)
Ex: There are different ways/ methods to do this.

03. Antonymy is the relation between the meanings of two words of opposite meanings.
(Quan hệ tình trái nghĩa là mối quan hệ giữa nghĩa của hai từ nghĩa đối nghịch nhau.)
Ex: love # hate, true # false, wife # husband,...

3 Typpes of Anotnymy: Gradable antonymy, binary antonymy, relational antonymy.

04. Gradable Antonymy (quan hệ tình trái nghĩa có thang độ)
Test: very/how + adj/adv ?
Ex: love # hate, cold # hot, old # young,...

05. Binary Antonymy (quan hệ tính trái nghĩa nhị phân)
Test: A = not B
Ex: alive # dead, open # close, fail # pass, sleep # awake,...

06. Relational Antonymy (quan hệ tính trái nghĩa nghịch đảo)
Test: if A is...of B, B is....of A. (nếu A là ...của B, thì B là... của A.)
Ex: wife # husband, teacher # student, buy # sell, ...

07. Incompatibility ( tính không dung hợp nhau)
Ex: freshman, sophomore, junior, senior.
...
HOMOPHONES, HOMOGRAPHES, HOMONYMS

09. Homophony (tính đồng âm)
Homophony is words of the same sound, but different speelings, and different meanings.
Ex: flour - flower, meat - meet,...

10. Homography (tính đồng tự)
Homography is words of the same speeling, but different sounds, and different meanings.
Ex: a present /'present/- to present /prI'sent, the lead /led/ - to lead/li:d/

11. Homonymy (tính đồng âm, đồng tự)
Homonymy is words of the same sound, same speeling, but different meanings.
Ex: bank (n) ngân hàng - bank (n) bờ sông,...

12. Polysemy (tính đa nghĩa)
Polysemy is one word with different but related meanings.
Ex: fork -for eating, -for gardening,- of a road, - of a river.

13. Hyponymy (tính quan hệ thượng danh , hạ danh)
Hyponymy is the onway relationship between hyponyms and hypernym.
Test: Hyponyms is a kind of hypernym. (hypo là một loại của hyper.)
Ex: Human

EXERCISE

A. (Trích tài liệu Mrs. Nguyen Thu Ngan)

1. Able/ unable

→ Binary Antonymy

2. Awake/ asleep

→ Binary Antonymy

3. Bat (the animal)/ bat (for hitting baseball)

→ Homonymy

4. Breakfast/ supper

→ Incompatibility

5. Capable/ competent

→ Synonymy

6. Conceal/ reveal

→ Binary Antonymy

7. Customer/ supplier

→ Relational Antonymy

8. Dark (eg. Dark room)/ dark (eg. don’t look on the dark side of things.)

→ Polysemy

9. Deny/ admit

→ Binary Antonymy

10. Debtor/ creditor

→ Relational Antonymy

11. Dissolve (eg. Salt dissolves in water.)/

dissolves (eg. The Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991)

 → Polysemy

12. Expensive/ cheap

→ Gradable Antonymy

13. False/ true

→ Binary Antonymy

14. Fined/ find

→ Homophony

15. Flour/ flower

→ Homophony

16. Gloom/ darkness

→ Synonymy

17. Greater than/ less than

→ Relational Antonymy

18. Guard (as in body guard)/ guard (a football player whose position is in the middle of the front line)

→ Polysemy

19. Host/ guest

→ Relational Antonymy

20. Husband/ wife

→ Relational Antonymy

21. Land/ soil

→ Synonymy

22. Larger/ smaller

→ Relational Antonymy

23. Lettuce/ broccoli

→ Incompatibility

24. Love/ hate

→ Gradable Antonymy

25. Maintenance/ preservation

→ Synonymy

26. Mouth (of an animal)/ mouth (of a river)

→ Polysemy

27. Pupil (at a school)/ pupil (of an eye)

→ Homonymy

28. Ravage/ destroy

→ Synonymy

29. Rude/ polite

→ Gradable Antonymy

30. Sow (eg. Sow a field with wheat)/ sow (meaning: a female pig)

→ Homography

31. Stationery/ pen

→ Hyponymy

32. Take/ steal

→ Hyponymy

33. Tolerant/ intolerant

→ Binary Antonymy

34. Unusal/ strange

→ Synonymy

35. Weak/ week

→ Homophony

B. (Trích tài liệu Unknown)

01. rite - right
→ homophony

02. hammer - tool
→  hyponymy

03. single - married
→  binary antonymy

04. mad - insane
→  synonymy

05. accidental/intentional (vô tình/cố ý)
→ binary antonymy

06. figure ('the sales figures')/ figure ('a political figure')
→ homonymy

07. cat/dog
→ incompatibility

08. flour/flower
→ homophony

09. able/unable
→binary antonymy

10. awake/asleep

→binary antonymy

11. bat(the animal)/bat(for hitting baseball)

→ homonymy

12. breakfast/supper
→incompatibility

13. capable/competent

→synonymy

14. conceal/reveal

→binary antonymy

15. customer/supplier

→relational antonymy

16. dark(eg.dark room)/dark(eg.don’t look on the dark side of things.)

→polysemy

17. deny/admit

→binary antonymy

18. love/hate
→gradable antonymy

19. dissolve (salt dissolves in water)/dissolve (the Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991)
→polysemy

20. ravage/destroy

→synonymy

21.expensive/cheap
→gradable antonymy

22. false/true
→binary antonymy

23. fined/find
→ homophony

24. flour/flower
→ homophony

25.husband/wife
→relational antonymy

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